Simplify Condo/HOA Communications with a Website
Published: December 31, 2009
Smart planning makes launching an online site for your condo/HOA community easier than you think.
Living in a condo or homeowners association is much more peaceful when neighbors stop being strangers and instead become a community. A savvy way to achieve that goal is by creating an online presence to communicate early and often about neighborhood issues.
The condo/HOA future is online
Using the Internet to spread information strengthens your condo or homeowners community, which adds value to every owner's home. "Associations are notorious for conflict," says Luis Maimoni, creative director at Fresh!, a marketing company in Long Beach, Calif. "A great way to fend off conflict is if everybody knows each other and has good working relationships. Additionally, associations are often controlled by a few activists. Using the Internet helps democratize them by bringing more people in and letting them have a full-throated voice."
You may not even need a website. Many associations instead use social networking sites, the online equivalent of a town hall meeting room and bulletin board, to bring neighbors together.
A website is a collection of pages, pictures and other information that's found at a particular place on the Internet and maintained by a host. A social networking site is a website where people get together online. Running a website is like building an online room. Using a social network site is like holding a meeting in someone else's online room.
"A lot of conversations start with, 'We need a website,' when simpler solutions would get the job done," explains Dan Hess, a Chicago-based interactive consultant. Be honest about the online presence you truly need and consider how many people are likely to use your site. The more basic the functions and the smaller the group, the less fancy your online presence should be.
If you're just looking for a place to exchange ideas, consider using a social networking site such as Facebook.com or Ning.com, says Art Hanson, a tech consultant in Harper's Ferry, W. Va. Within an hour, you can establish a presence on a social networking site and email an announcement inviting your neighbors to visit your new online meeting spot.
If you're convinced you need a website, many sources offer templates and step-by-step instructions, including WordPress, GoDaddy, Google, and Costco. Some are free; others total hundreds of dollars annually. Expect to spend a few days, says Ted Ferretti of the Ferretti Technology Group in Westford, Mass., to get your website fully populated.
Other great options for community communication include listservs (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/spread-condo-or-hoa-news-quickly-online-tools/) and newsletters (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/help-owners-feel-more-home-condohoa-newsletter/).
Win support for your website
You'll need to cultivate an online community just as you'd do with your neighbors face to face. Ask community members what they'd like to see and get buy in, advises Maimoni, so that when your site is live, residents will participate.
What should go on your website? Anything that would interest your neighbors. At a minimum, include email and phone contacts for your association and local government leaders, maps of the area, HOA rules and regulations, as well as fun items, such as a calendar of events.
But the best way to get your neighbors involved, says Hess, is to provide information that's directly relevant to them. Add information about upcoming neighborhood and volunteer events, suggests Hanson, and show transparency by linking to bylaws, rules, and meeting minutes.
Don't invite legal liability, advises Elizabeth White, an attorney at LeClairRyan in Williamsburg, Va. Have an attorney craft a strong disclaimer of liability for the actions of members' using your site, and appoint someone to monitor posts to promptly remove slanderous, libelous, and offensive comments.
Protect your members' private information, such as email addresses, and ask whether it's truly in their best interest to enter into advertising agreements that require you to disclose their data in exchange for revenue. Finally, place confidential and financial materials behind a password-protected wall, and even then think twice about uploading them.
"Don't put anything on your website," says White, "even if it's password-protected, that you don't want to see in the newspaper tomorrow."
G.M. Filisko is an attorney and award-winning writer who has lived in a friendly six-unit brownstone condo community in Chicago for nearly 15 years.
Create a Home Inventory for Insurance
Published: December 23, 2009
Create a home inventory before disaster strikes to make filing an insurance claim a smoother process.
Experiencing a theft, flood, fire, or other casualty loss is devastating enough. Now imagine trying to list from memory for your insurance claim every single item that was damaged or destroyed. The task becomes less daunting if you create a detailed home inventory in advance and keep it in a safe place.
Creating a home inventory can be done with pencil and paper alone, but a digital camera and camcorder make the job easier. Set aside enough time to review your insurance policies, dig up receipts, document your possessions, and figure out where you'll store your records. One day should be sufficient.
A home inventory is essential
From appliances, plates, and glasses to collectibles, rugs, and furniture, the average home is packed with an array of items collected over the years. And while you may be able to list many of them in a pinch, chances are you'd miss some important possessions if you ever needed to reconstruct your home's contents from memory, says Mark Goldwich, founder of GoldStar Adjusters, a Jacksonville, Fla., claims adjusting firm.
"Home inventories are a must no matter what the value of the home's items are," says Goldwich. "If you're going to insure your property and pay for that insurance, you really should be able to document the ownership and the value of the items that you're insuring. If you don't have proof of the items you owned, it makes filing your claim much more difficult."
Your job doesn't end once you've compiled a home inventory, a detailed list of everything in your household. Be sure to compare estimated values to your policy's coverage to ensure that you'll be able to replace your belongings in case of damage or theft, says Goldwich, who is the author of "Uncovered: What Really Happens After the Storm, Flood, Earthquake or Fire." In some cases, he says, you can purchase additional coverage if the value of your possessions exceeds the limits on your homeowners, flood, or other disaster policy.
Take photos and video of possessions
Jack Hungelmann, author of "Insurance for Dummies," says a picture can be worth more than just a thousand words--it can add up to thousands in cash if you ever need to file an insurance claim. Hungelmann recommends using a digital camcorder or camera to take pictures of each room to document your belongings. "I recommend that people open up their cupboards and drawers. Be sure you have a record of all the things you own," he says.
Goldwich says that creating such a home inventory might seem daunting, but digital video--you can pick up a decent camcorder for about $150--can make the task much easier.
Homeowners can literally walk from room to room and record narrative descriptions of items. You should note whether something is an antique, for example, or if it has other qualities that make it especially valuable such as the size of a television screen or the type of stones in a piece of jewelry. Get close-up shots of serial numbers on electronics, power tools, and the like.
Filling in a printed checklist with serial numbers, brands, quantities, and estimated values will prove indispensible if an insurance claim ever needs to be filed. The adjuster will likely ask for such a list, and you can use the video or photos as proof of ownership. Download our free home inventory checklist to create your own.
Keep your home inventory safe
Of course, such documentation is useless if it's destroyed in a natural disaster, consumed by fire, or stolen along with your personal computer. Hungelmann says that using digital media allows you to store the files on online backup services like Carbonite.com or iBackup.com in case your home is destroyed.
If you'd like to save the $10 or more per month these services typically cost, you could also save the files on a USB drive that's kept in a safe-deposit box, at a relative's home, or in your emergency bag. The bag should include essentials your family needs in case you're forced to flee on short notice.
It's also a good idea to keep a file with receipts and any appraisals of valuable items you own. Store these documents off-site as well. Goldwich says that the more documentation you have to prove what you owned and what it was worth, the easier the claims process will be.
Gwen Moran has been writing about business, finance, and real estate for more than a decade. Her work has been published by Cyberhomes.com, Entrepreneur, Financial Planning, Newsweek.com, On Wall Street, The Residential Specialist, and many others.
Compile a Home Inventory with the Right Tools
Published: December 23, 2009
A home inventory of your belongings for insurance purposes is a relatively inexpensive way to make any future claims go smoother.
Creating a home inventory for insurance doesn't need to be complicated. All you really need is a pencil and paper. The key is to have a record of your possessions in the event you experience a theft or casualty loss from flood, fire, or other disaster.
But the more thorough the documentation of your belongings, the less likely you are to run into problems when you file an insurance claim. That's why you should consider using a digital camera, fireproof safes, and other equipment to create and store your home inventory. Devote a full day to the task.
Take pictures of your belongings
Photos of your belongings go a long way toward demonstrating ownership and value. Digital photos are preferred, since they're easier to print and store. A decent digital camera costs less than $100. Be sure to get full-room shots, as well as close-ups of items. Don't neglect to photograph possessions inside drawers, cabinets, and closets.
Video is even more convenient and effective, especially since you can record audio along with the images. Describe items and any identifying details as you film your home room by room. Digital camcorders are available for less than $150. It's a good idea to keep backup copies of digital files and hard-copy printouts in a safe place. (More on storage options below.)
Prepare a written home inventory
Images alone aren't enough. You should also prepare a written home inventory. Your insurance company will likely ask for one if you ever file a claim. Include as much identifying detail as possible, such as serial numbers, brand names, purchase dates, and estimated costs. Keep a copy off-site, perhaps with a friend or in a bank safe-deposit box, in case your home is damaged or destroyed. Download our free home inventory worksheet to get started.
Home inventory software is also available. Enter information on your possessions, attach digital images, and store the data electronically. The Insurance Information Institute has a free program called Know Your Stuff (
http://www.knowyourstuff.org/iii/login.html), or there are a number of programs (
http://financialsoft.about.com/od/reviewsfinancesoftware/ss/HomeInv_Desktop.htm) available for purchase.
Be sure to attach receipts to your home inventory list. If you're storing your records electronically, you'll want to scan receipts at a copy and print shop or purchase a scanner. Pick one up for as little as $50 at an office supply store. Digital copies of receipts come in handy if originals are damaged or lost.
Safe ways to store your records
When backing up digital files, a USB drive--sometimes called a "thumb" drive, due to its small size--can be useful. Buy one for as little as $5. Simply copy the files onto the drive and keep it somewhere safe, preferably away from your home.
You can also stash a drive in a pre-packed emergency "go" bag, which should be accessible in case you need to evacuate quickly. An external hard drive can perform the same function, though it's less portable.
You can use a bank safe-deposit box to store paper records, drives, and other valuables off-premises. Rent may range from about $25 per year for a small box to more than $100 for a larger box.
If you like to keep important documents closer at hand, consider a fireproof safe, which is usually waterproof as well. You can find small safes for as little as $50, but a more representative range for good residential fireproof safes is $150 to $300. Larger, high-end safes can cost more than $1,000.
When your home inventory files are electronic, it's relatively easy to use online backup systems to keep digital copies outside of your home. That's a big plus if your computer is stolen or destroyed. Some backup services like Mozy (
http://www.mozy.com/) offer limited storage space for free, while others like Carbonite (
http://www.carbonite.com/) charge $5 or more per month. Choose a backup service whose features fit your needs.
Gwen Moran has been writing about business, finance, and real estate for more than a decade. Her work has been published by Cyberhomes.com, Entrepreneur, Financial Planning, Newsweek.com, The Residential Specialist, On Wall Street, and Woman's Day.
A Financial Plan for Your Home
Published: August 28, 2009
A house is probably the biggest investment you'll ever make. Create a financial plan that takes into account repairs, upgrades, mortgages, insurance, and taxes.
You probably already have a financial plan for yourself in place. Most likely you sat down with an advisor at some point to set up a budget and diversify your investments. Or maybe you did it yourself online or at the dining room table. Either way, smart move.
But what about your home specifically, probably the biggest investment you'll ever make in your life? Did you really take everything into account: repairs and upgrades, the mortgage, insurance, and taxes? Probably not.
Your house requires a financial plan of its own. Spend a weekend creating one. Once you have a handle on your home's expenses you can devise a long-term strategy that'll let you live there for years with maximum enjoyment and minimum anxiety. These are the four central elements you need to address.
The mortgage: Paying it-and then some
Yes, you already shell out a lot for your mortgage, but can you pay more? Even a little extra each month can add up. Let's say you have $200,000 outstanding principal and a 20-year fixed-rate mortgage at 5%. Your monthly payment is $1,319.91. But if you can manage to pay another $100 a month, you'll save $14,887 in interest. Run the numbers (
http://realestate-calc.com/Mortgage_Calculators/Mortgage_Calculator_Input_Add_Payment.asp) for yourself.
Alan D. Kahn, a financial planner in Syosset, N.Y., likes the idea of early payoff because lowering debt leaves you free to spend money elsewhere later on. There's an emotional benefit as well. It can feel awfully good to own your house outright as soon as possible. And don't fret too much about losing the mortgage interest deduction come tax time. Toward the tail end of the life of a loan most of your payment is going to the principal, not the interest.
Nevertheless, the same extra $100 might also go into a retirement plan every month, or be put aside for the inevitable home repairs (more on those later). Michael Kay, a financial planner in Livingston, N.J., says while a debt-free life may be enormously important to your peace of mind, an extra $1,200 toward your child's college fund every year may feel even better. It's about what's ultimately important to you, both emotionally and financially.
Insurance: Protecting your property
You'll want homeowners insurance with full replacement coverage (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/homeowners-insurance-time-for-an-annual-check-up/) in case your house is burned to the ground. This sounds simple, but be careful on the calculation. Remember that you own a house as well as the land on which it sits. So even though you bought your home for $300,000, it may cost only $100,000 to rebuild it. Your policy limits should reflect this.
The differences are regional. Where land is at a premium, like much of Southern California, a higher percentage of the purchase cost is for the property rather than the structure. Where land is cheap, like much of North Dakota, most of the value of a new house is the house itself. Don't be deceived by shifts in market values. You may have bought a $1.2 million townhouse in Florida during the boom that now may only sell for $600,000. But the replacement cost of the townhouse hasn't changed much, so you can't cut insurance costs that way.
Do, however, try to cut costs by asking your insurance agent about discounts. Making structural improvements, such as adding storm shutters, can lead to lower rates. Membership is certain groups, such as AARP or veterans' organizations, entitles some policyholders to breaks on premiums as well.
Repairs and renovations: By choice or necessity
Throughout the life of your house, you'll be making two kinds of changes. The first is the fun kind, like a marble floor for the living room. The second is the essential, behind-the-scenes change: a new water heater. You don't have a choice about when you'll do the latter, but you can prepare for it financially.
It's a good idea to have a rainy-day fund. Start with the inspection report you received when you bought the house. Did the inspector indicate that you would need a new roof in five years? A new furnace in 10? Get estimates on what these repairs will cost and start saving. Consider ongoing non-emergency maintenance too. Do you live in New England? Price a snow blower and get bids from plow services. Resist the temptation to take care of everything with home equity loans (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/a-guide-to-equity-loan-options/), which defeat efforts to pay off the mortgage early.
As for the discretionary upgrades, act prudently. Matthew P. Havens, a financial planner in Hingham, Mass., has seen too many people rationalizing lavish upgrades as an investment when they really were lifestyle decisions. According to Remodeling magazine (
http://www.remodeling.hw.net/2009/costvsvalue/national.aspx), an upscale major kitchen upgrade, for example, could cost nearly $112,000, but only about 63% of that will be recouped in the home's resale value. This isn't to say you shouldn't upgrade. If you can afford to redo your bathrooms, go ahead. Just don't confuse your necessary repairs (new oil furnace-about $4,000) with your discretionary upgrades (Viking range-$6,000 and up).
Taxes: (Almost) no way around them
Taxes are an essential part of your home's financial plan. The bank that holds your mortgage may already handle your real estate taxes with an escrow account. If so the expense is built into your monthly mortgage payment. Check your statements or call the lender. Otherwise create a dedicated fund for property taxes, which can run into the thousands of dollars annually.
You may be able to reduce your tax burden by getting a reassessment. Do your homework first. Are comparable houses taxed less than yours? Ask the local assessor what formula is used to set tax rates. Kay, the New Jersey financial planner, researched and then challenged the assessed value (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/make-your-case-property-tax-reduction/) of his own home and got a 15% rollback.
If you're in a special group, you might get some help from state or local programs. Check around to see what's available in your area. New York State, for example, has its Star Program (
http://www.orps.state.ny.us/star/index.cfm) for giving senior citizens some relief from school-related property taxes.
Richard J. Koreto is a freelance writer. He has been editor of several professional financial magazines and is the author of "Run It Like a Business," a practice management book for financial planners. He and his wife own a pre-Civil War house in Rockland County, N.Y.
Create a Home Emergency Preparedness Kit
By: Wendy Paris
Published: August 28, 2009
Having a home emergency preparedness kit could be the key to your family's safety if disaster strikes.
Preparing a home emergency preparedness kit you hope never to use may seem like a waste of time and money. But when disasters happen that are beyond your control, you can take charge of how you respond. "What became clear in Hurricane Katrina is that in big events, the government isn't going to come to your aid right away. You have to be prepared to take care of yourself," says Rick Bissell, PhD, a professor of emergency health services at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. According to a 2008 FEMA survey, more than half of all U.S. households have some sort of disaster preparation in place. If yours isn't one of them, here's what you need to do.
First, make sure important papers are in order
If a flood destroys your home, you could spend weeks or even months just trying to re-create the essential documents you'll need to get back on track. That's why it's critical to have backups of important papers, including the deed to your house, proof of insurance, medical records, passports, social security cards, and a list of personal contacts. Keep one copy at home in a portable case and another offsite in a safe place. And while you're at it, use the opportunity to check whether your insurance (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/homeowners-insurance-time-for-an-annual-check-up/) is up to date. "People often don't know what their homeowners' insurance policy covers, and most don't cover flooding," points out Bissell. Find out what hazards your area faces, and make sure you're protected against them.
Tailor a preparedness kit to your personal needs
Humanitarian organizations and government aid agencies offer guidelines (
http://www.ready.gov/) for creating an emergency preparedness kit. But along with the basics like food and water, it's important to have what you need for your particular situation. You may not need extra blankets in southern California, but you do need escape ladders in case of wildfire. And you'll want extra extra blankets to survive a winter power outage in Maine.
Think about what you need for the safety of your house, too. Knowing where to find the main electrical and water shutoffs-and having the right wrench to turn them-can make the difference between a house that weathers the storm and one that experiences catastrophic flooding or fire.
A basic emergency preparedness kit
FEMA (
http://www.fema.gov/plan/prepare/supplykit.shtm) recommends you keep a "grab and go" bag with these items in case you need to evacuate:
Water: One gallon per person per day for at least three days, for drinking and sanitation; double if you live in a very hot climate, have young kids, or are nursing. Bottled water is best, but you can also store tap water in food-grade containers or two-liter soda bottles that have been sanitized. Factor in your pet's water needs, too.
Food: At least a three-day supply of nonperishables and a can opener. Pack protein, fruit, and vegetables, but make sure they're in a form you actually like-it's bad enough not to have access to fresh food without also having to subsist on nothing but canned tuna. Include treats like cereal bars, trail mix, and Tootsie Rolls. Store food in pest-proof plastic or metal tubs and keep it in a cool, dry place.
Flashlights and extra batteries: "Candles are not recommended because there are many house fires caused by candles left unattended," says David Riedman, a public affairs officer with FEMA.
First-aid supplies: Two pairs of sterile gloves, adhesive bandages and sterile dressings, soap or other cleanser, antibiotic towelettes and ointment, burn ointment, eye wash, thermometer, scissors, tweezers, petroleum jelly, aspirin or non-aspirin pain reliever, and stomach analgesics such as Tums, Pepto-Bismol, and a laxative. (All those Tootsie Rolls can be hard to digest.)
Sanitation and hygiene supplies: Moist towelettes, paper towels, toilet paper, garbage bags, and plastic ties. You might also want travel-size shampoo, toothpaste/toothbrush, and deodorant.
Radio or TV: Keep a portable, battery- or crank-operated radio or television and extra batteries to remain connected in case the power goes out, as well as an extra cell phone charger. You can buy a good emergency radio online from the Red Cross (
http://www.redcrossstore.org/).
Plastic sheeting, duct tape, and dust masks: In case you need to seal your home or shelter from airborne contaminants.
Extra items: A whistle to signal for help, a favorite toy or other comfort items for kids.
Cash.
Update your kit as your needs change, and replace food and water approaching its expiration date. You might pick a specific time each year to check, such as before hurricane season in the south or after Thanksgiving if you live in the north.
Wendy Paris is a New York-based writer whose work has appeared in This Old House magazine and other publications. She keeps chocolate chips on hand in case of emergency.
Homeowners Insurance: Time for an Annual Check-Up
By: G_M Filisko
Published: August 28, 2009
An annual check-up on your homeowners insurance can result in a healthier policy and a healthier pocketbook.
It's time for your annual check-up. The good news is that for this one, you won't have to don one of those revealing hospital gowns-and you may walk away with a healthier pocketbook. We're talking about a homeowners insurance check-up, a task you should complete once a year, ideally around renewal time. This will ensure your policy still provides the right level of coverage for your family, and your premium isn't costing you more than it should.
Remember, homeowners insurance is essential. The coverage is designed to protect your home and its contents, as well as shield you from liability for accidents and such on your property. Block out an hour of your time, call an insurance agent, and get answers to these three important questions.
What type of coverage do I have?
The most effective type of coverage is known as "replacement cost," which covers, up to your policy limits, what it would take today to rebuild your house and restore your belongings, says Jerry Oshinsky, a partner at Jenner & Block in Los Angeles who has represented homeowners in litigation against insurers.
"Extended" replacement cost coverage provides protection to your policy limit, say $500,000, and then perhaps another 20% of the cost after that. Percentages vary, but in this example you could recoup up to $600,000 on a $500,000 policy, assuming your losses reach that high. Extended coverage can compensate for any unanticipated expenses like spikes in construction costs between policy renewals. Now harder to find due to the industry shift toward extended replacement coverage, "full" or "guaranteed" replacement coverage covers an entire claim regardless of policy limits.
A less attractive alternative is "actual cash value" coverage that usually takes into account depreciation, the decrease in value due to age and wear. With this type of policy, the $2,000 flat-screen TV you bought two years ago will be worth hundreds of dollars less today in the eyes of your claims adjuster. Kevin Foley, an independent insurance broker in Milltown, N.J., favors replacement cost coverage unless you can save at least 25% on the premium for going with actual cash value coverage instead.
Even if you have replacement cost protection for your dwelling and personal property, don't assume everything is covered. Structures other than your home on your property-such as a detached garage or swimming pool-require separate coverage. So too do luxury items like jewelry, watches, and furs if you want full replacement cost because reimbursement for those items is typically capped.
How much coverage do I really need?
OK, now that you're clear on what type of policy you have, you need to figure out how much policy (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/homeowners-insurance-are-you-over-or-underinsured/) you truly require in dollar terms. Let's say you purchased your home five years ago and insured it for $200,000. Today, it's worth $225,000. Simply increasing your coverage to $225,000 may nonetheless leave you underinsured. Here's why.
The key to determining how much dwelling coverage you need isn't the value of your home but the money you'd have to pay to rebuild it from scratch, says Carlos Aguirre, an agent for Liberty Mutual Insurance in Arlington, Texas. Call your local contractors' or homebuilders' association and inquire about the average per-square-foot construction cost in your area. If it's $150 and your home is 2,000 square feet, then you should be insured for $300,000.
There's no rule of thumb for how much your homeowners insurance should cost. Insurers use numerous factors-age, education level, creditworthiness-to determine pricing, so the same policy could run you more than your neighbor. In recent years the average annual premium (
http://www.iii.org/media/facts/statsbyissue/homeowners/) was $804. Oshinsky advises against scrimping on insurance because big increases in coverage probably cost less than you'd think. He recently purchased a liability policy that cost $250 for the first $1 million in coverage. Adding another $1 million increased his premiums only $12.50 more.
How can I lower my premiums?
The higher your deductible, the amount you pay out of pocket before coverage kicks in, the lower your premium. Landing on the appropriate deductible level requires remembering that insurance should cover major calamities (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/homeowners-insurance-to-claim-or-not-to-claim/), not minor incidents, says Foley, the independent insurance broker. Most homeowners should be able to absorb modest losses like a broken window pane or a hole in the drywall without filing claims. If you can, then you're wasting money with a $250 deductible.
Foley's rule: If you're a first-time homeowner and don't have a lot of savings, moving up to a $500 deductible will probably stretch your budget. However, if you live in a ritzy home and drive an expensive car, then you should be able to afford a $1,000 deductible. In Milltown, N.J., for example, the premium for a $200,000 home with a $500 deductible would be $736, according to Foley; moving up to a $1,000 deductible drops the annual premium to $672. That's $64 in savings.
Every major insurer offers discounts to various groups, such as university employees or firefighters. Figure about 5%. Ask which affiliations would entitle you to a discount and how much. If an AARP membership would result in a $50 savings, pay the $16 dues and pocket the $36 difference. Many insurers also offer discounts ranging from 1% to 10% or more for installing protective devices like alarms and deadbolt locks, for going claim-free for an extended period, or for insuring both your car and your home with the same carrier.
G.M. Filisko is an attorney and award-winning writer who has been involved in insurance litigation. A frequent contributor to many national publications including Consumers Digest, Bankrate.com, REALTOR(R) Magazine, and the American Bar Association Journal, she specializes in real estate, personal finance, and legal topics.
Make Your Case for a Property Tax Reduction
By: Barbara Eisner Bayer
Published: October 08, 2009
To successfully challenge a real estate assessment and lower your property tax bill, you need to do a bit of sleuthing first.
Owning a home is an expensive proposition. There's maintenance, landscaping, utilities, renovations, and, of course, taxes. It's your civic duty to pay the latter, but it's also your right not to yield a penny more than your fair share.
It's possible to trim your property taxes by challenging the assessed value of your home. But making a convincing case against your real estate assessment, the basis for your property tax, requires doing a bit of homework first. Initial research can be done online or by phone over two or three days, but the process can stretch out for months if you're forced to file a formal appeal.
Read your assessment letter
A real estate assessment is conducted periodically by the local government to assign a value to your home for taxation purposes. An assessment isn't the same as a private appraisal, and the assessed value of your home isn't necessarily how much you could sell it for today. Real estate assessment letters are mailed to homeowners annually, or perhaps every two to three years, depending where you live.
The letter will include some information about your property, such as lot size or a legal description, as well as the assessed value of your house and land. Additional details-number of bedrooms, for example, or date of construction-can often be found in the property listing on your local government's website. Your property tax bill will usually be calculated by multiplying your home's assessed value by the local tax rate, which can vary from town to town.
If you think your home's assessment is higher than it should be, challenge it immediately. The clock starts ticking as soon as the letter goes out. You generally have less than 30 days to respond, though the time frame varies not just between states, but within each state. Procedures are often outlined on the back of the letter.
Gather evidence
Start by making sure the assessment letter doesn't contain any mistakes. Is the number of bathrooms accurate? Number of fireplaces? How about the size of the lot? There's a big difference between "0.3 acres" and "3.0 acres." If any facts are wrong, then you may have a quick and easy challenge on your hands.
Next, research your home's value. Ask a real estate agent to find three to five comparable properties-"comps" in real estate jargon-that have sold recently. Alternatively, check a website like Zillow.com (
http://www.zillow.com/) to find approximate values of comparable properties. The key is identifying properties that are very similar to your own in terms of size, style, condition, and location. If you're willing to shell out between $350 and $600, you can hire a private appraiser to do the heavy lifting.
Once you identify comps, check the assessments on those properties. Most local governments maintain public databases. If yours doesn't, seek help from an agent or ask neighbors to share tax information. If the assessments on your comps are lower, you can argue yours is too high. Even if the assessments are similar, if you can show that the "comparable" properties aren't truly comparable, you may have a case for relief based on equity. Maybe your neighbor added an addition while you were still struggling to clean up storm damage. In that case, the properties are no longer equitable.
Present your case
Once you're armed with your research, call your local assessor's office. Most assessors are willing to discuss your assessment informally by phone. If not, or if you aren't satisfied with the explanation, request a formal review. Pay attention to deadlines and procedures. There's probably a form to fill out and specific instructions for supporting evidence. A typical review, which usually doesn't require you to appear in person, can take anywhere from one to three months. Expect to receive a decision in writing.
If the review is unsuccessful, you can usually appeal the decision to an independent board, with or without the help of a lawyer. You may have to pay a modest filing fee, perhaps $10 to $25. If you end up before an appeals board, your challenge could stretch as long as a year, especially in large jurisdictions that have a high number of appeals. But homeowners do triumph. According to Guy Griscom, Assistant Chief Appraiser of the Harris County (Texas) Central Appraisal District, of the 288,800 protests filed in his Houston-area district in 2008, about 58% received reduced assessments.
How much effort you decide to put into a challenge depends on the stakes. The annual U.S. median property tax (
http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxdata/show/1888.html) paid in 2008 was $1,897, or 0.96% of the median home value of $197,600. Lowering that assessed value by 15% would net savings of about $285. In some parts of New York and Texas, for example, where tax rates can approach 3% of a home's value, potential savings are greater. Ditto for communities with home prices well above the U.S. median.
There are a few things to keep in mind as you weigh an appeal. The board can only lower your real estate assessment, not the rate at which you're taxed. There's also a chance, albeit slight, that your assessment could be raised, thus increasing your property taxes. A reduction in your assessment right before you put your house on the market could hurt the sale price. An easier route to savings might lie in determining if you qualify for property tax exemptions (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/common-property-tax-exemptions/) based on age, disability, military service, or other factors.
This article provides general information about tax laws and consequences, but is not intended to be relied upon by readers as tax or legal advice applicable to particular transactions or circumstances. Readers should consult a tax professional for such advice, and are reminded that tax laws may vary by jurisdiction.
Barbara Eisner Bayer has written about mortgages and personal finance for the past 15 years for Motley Fool, the Daily Plan-It, and Nurse Village, and is the former Managing Editor of Mortgageloan.com and Credit-land.com. She has successfully challenged her real estate assessment.
Your CLUE Insurance Report Matters
Published: August 28, 2009
Your homeowners claims don't disappear after your insurer cuts a check because CLUE reports keep them alive for seven years--and that could cost you.
A tree falls on the roof of your house. You file an insurance claim with your agent, collect a settlement from the insurer, and fix your roof. End of story, right? Not quite. Every claim you make on your homeowners insurance is recorded in a widely used insurance industry database called CLUE, short for Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange.
Almost all insurance companies use CLUE to check on the claims history of prospective policyholders. The CLUE report also includes insurance claims made on your home before you even bought it. A-PLUS is another company that maintains a loss-history database. What's inside these reports can affect your insurance premiums, or even prevent you from getting coverage.
Your claims history lives on in CLUE
The CLUE Personal Property report, which pertains to homeowners insurance, is divided into two parts: your personal record of claims ("Claims for the Subject") and the claims on your home ("Claims History for Risk"). The number of claims in either section will affect whether you can get insurance for your home, how much coverage you can get, and how much you'll pay in premiums. If you're turned down for homeowners insurance because of information in your CLUE report, your insurance company is required to let you know why you were rejected.
Since the database is used by most insurance companies, your claims history follows you from one insurer to another. Actual claims, as opposed to inquiries, remain in the CLUE database for seven years from the date you filed them. Both ChoicePoint, the owner of CLUE, and A-PLUS advise insurance carriers not to report loss information just because you called to ask a question about whether your policy will cover a particular loss. Individual insurance companies may keep a record of inquires, though.
How insurers use CLUE
Insurance companies rely on CLUE reports because statistics show that if you've filed a claim in the past, you're more likely to file one in the future, says Dick Luedke, a spokesperson for State Farm Insurance. The amount of a claim is less important than how often you've filed, he says. "We aren't trying to make up for past losses, but to predict the risk of future claims."
Each insurance company has its own formula for calculating how much a claim will affect your premium, according to the Insurance Information Institute (
http://www.iii.org/), a trade group that provides information to consumers. Suffice it to say the fewer the claims the less you'll likely be charged. State Farm gives a 5% discount if you haven't filed a claim in the last five years, says Luedke. That's $40 off an average annual premium (
http://www.iii.org/media/facts/statsbyissue/homeowners/) of $804. Ask your agent if a claim-free discount is available.
Claims aren't all that count
Knowing what's on your CLUE report will give you a sense of whether you'll need to pay extra for homeowners insurance, or even if you run the risk of rejection. Unfortunately, even a pristine report doesn't mean you can be sure of getting homeowners insurance at a great price. That's because the claims on your CLUE report aren't the only things that affect your overall insurance risk.
Insurance companies also consider your credit score, which is based on such things as how much debt you carry, whether you pay your bills on time, and so forth. According to the Insurance Information Institute, studies show that how people manage their finances is a good indicator of whether they'll file an insurance claim. The more likely you are to file a claim, the bigger risk you are to the insurance company. And more risk means a higher premium or denial of coverage. Other factors insurers consider include the location of your home and its type of construction.
How to review your CLUE report
If you do decide to check you CLUE Personal Property report, it's a relatively easy process. Under federal law, you get one free CLUE report a year. You can contact ChoicePoint by telephone at 800-456-6004. You can also register online (
http://www.choicetrust.com/) to gain access to an electronic copy of your report for 30 days. Request a form to receive a Property Loss report from A-PLUS by calling 800-709-8842. There's a charge of $9 to have the report mailed to you, according to the company's website.
Your CLUE report will have:
?Your name, home address, birth date, and Social Security number;
?The number assigned to the report;
?The name of your insurance company;
?The type and number of the insurance policy;
?The type of loss-fire, water, etc.-for each claim and the claim number;
?The date of the loss and the amount of each claim;
?The status of each claim: closed, pending, etc.
The report also tells you how to dispute any errors (
http://www.houselogic.com/articles/how-to-correct-your-clue-insurance-report/) you find. Because risk calculations vary by insurance company, it's impossible to say exactly how a claim on your CLUE report will affect your premium. That makes it tough to decide just how much value checking your CLUE yields. Still, taking less than an hour once a year to order and review your report could pay off, especially if you find an error.
Mariwyn Evans has spent 25 years writing about commercial and residential real estate. She's the author of several books, including "Opportunities in Real Estate Careers," as well as too many magazine articles to count.
